Grafting for fruit trees is one of the plant propagation options. Using this method, it is possible to develop your own variety of fruit crop, because one species is combined with another. There is no need to spend extra money on buying new seedlings. All you need is just a few cuttings and tools. Engraftment of a new bud is the process of engrafting them on another plant. Grafting can be carried out on various types and varieties of trees. At the same time, it is possible to preserve all the qualities and properties of the crop, and in many cases these qualities will be improved.
Vaccination dates
For excellent implantation of the cuttings on the new plant, it is very important that there is an exchange of juices between them. To do this, it is worth grafting trees when the process of active sap flow occurs. This time comes in spring and early summer. For the Moscow region, this period ends by mid-June. You can learn how to vaccinate correctly from the article.
Tools for grafting and budding trees.
If we are talking about stone fruit plants, then their fusion occurs somewhat worse. The vaccination period ends at the beginning of May. It is worth completing the task when there is no significant decrease in temperature at night.
In the summer, vaccination is also carried out; it is called early autumn. The most suitable time for it is considered to be the second half of August and the beginning of September. To perform this manipulation at the specified time, the trees must grow in the southern regions, and winter should not be accompanied by severe frosts.
If grafting needs to be done for trees growing in an area with a harsh winter climate, then successful fusion of the scion with the rootstock should occur faster than active growth begins. If the scion begins to grow, then most likely the tree will not be able to survive the winter. For stone fruit plants, grafting takes root very poorly if done in the summer. The reason is that the resulting juice creates a crust, which prevents the juice from penetrating.
for a video tool for grafting fruit trees:
Sometimes vaccination is done indoors in winter. For these purposes, it is worth preparing high-quality wild shoots and scion cuttings in mid-autumn. They are stored in cold conditions. Already, starting from January, they are kept warm. In March, send it back to the basement and store it in the cold until it is planted in the ground. The described method is used by nurseries and other farms. From the article you can find out what to spray in the spring.
Set of tools and devices
To perform a high-quality vaccination, it is necessary to properly prepare the required tools. Most gardeners use a garden knife for this procedure. But this is not entirely advisable, because such equipment is necessary for trimming or cleaning wounds. But budding knives are actively used for budding. This type of vaccination is carried out with an eye or a shield. It is carried out in the middle of summer. A distinctive feature of the presented instrument is the presence of a curved blade and a bone at the base of the instrument, with the help of which the bark is pulled apart.
Grafting knife
You also need to buy a grafting knife for grafting. Its design assumes a straight blade, and its sharpening is performed on one side. The second side has a flat surface. This will allow you to get even cuts, and making them will be much easier. All knives you buy at the store need to be sharpened. If the tool is blunt, then it is worth using bars with small and large grains, which are pre-moistened with water. When and how to prune fruit trees, you can learn from the article.
The grafting should be done while the tree is dormant - in spring or autumn. Each season has its own advantages and disadvantages.
If the knife is not dull, but not quite sharp, then it still needs to be corrected. Treat the block in water and sharpen the sharp side in a circular motion, and remove the burrs from the second. After the presented manipulations, it is advisable to adjust the knife. To do this, you should use a graft with a leather or canvas belt. The graft must be treated with polishing paste.
Garden var
It is also worth using a garden pitch to perform the grafting. It is necessary to lubricate the cuts. You can't do without pruning shears. It is during grafting that it is important to cut off cuttings, branches and other parts. It is also worth buying films based on polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride at a gardening store. The best option would be to use photo-resolving film. Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, it begins to break down into small components. The most budget-friendly and affordable option remains the usual polyethylene film. Its thickness should be 70-100 microns. You can learn how to choose fruit trees and shrubs for your garden plot from the article.
Such material should be cut into strips, the length of which is 20-25 cm and the width of 1.5 cm. To cut the film, you should use a knife. If you use scissors, small burrs will form, causing the film to tear when stretched.
Extending service life
The first and simplest thing that must be done to ensure the longevity of the tool and maintain the quality of its work is to follow the recommendations for use and storage. Care for the grafting pruner like any other garden tool: after use, clean it of any remaining vegetation, dirt, tree sap and dust.
Do not wash the instrument with water or leave it in the rain. The locking bracket, blades and spring mechanism can quickly rust, but this is more true for cheap models. Expensive or professional pruning shears can be rinsed under running water. After this procedure, the blade is thoroughly wiped with a dry cloth. It is recommended to lubricate the spring with oil or binder. Use a rag soaked in oil to wipe all metal parts. It is recommended to do this after each use .
DIY devices
To graft fruit trees, you need to prepare a garden varnish. Its role is to securely fix the cuts, as well as treat any wounds that have arisen on the trunk and branches. If you treat with varnish, the healing process of the surface occurs much faster, because the evaporation of moisture is inhibited here. With the help of garden varnish, it is possible to disinfect the surface of the tree to prevent the formation of fungus and mold. Some varieties of garden varnish are allowed to be used in a cold or warm state.
The video shows do-it-yourself devices for grafting fruit trees:
A good way is Zhukovsky's var
Based on this recipe, you need to take 4 kg of rosin, 2 kg of bee juice and 1 kg of beef lard. Melt each of the presented options over low heat or in a water bath. And do it separately. After this, take a container of ice water and gradually combine all the components.
You can learn how to grow tomato seedlings at home from the article.
You can learn how to grow cucumber and tomato seedlings from this article.How Cherry tomatoes are grown in open ground is indicated here: //gidfermer.com/sadovodstvo/ovoshhevodstvo/vyrashhivanie-pomidorov-v-otkrytom-grunte.html
The resulting solution hardens very quickly, so you should stick it out and form it into a ball. The prepared brew is stored in glass or plastic containers. Treatment with this mixture is carried out in those places where there is a connection of scions and rootstocks. The top is wrapped with fabric or film. The reason is that this mixture contains wax, which is so attractive to bees. Find out how to grow large tomatoes in a greenhouse at this link.
It is necessary to use the pitch in warm weather. If processed in cold weather, the mass hardens quickly. If the temperature is not high enough, it is allowed to heat the varnish. To do this, simply dip it in boiling water, but before doing so, wrap it in plastic wrap. What is the scheme for planting tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse can be found here.
Very often, alcohol is used when preparing brew. It is necessary to ensure that the mass does not freeze in the cold. As a result, you get a frost-resistant mass. This type of composition is allowed to be used when carrying out spring work in the garden, when the air outside has not yet warmed up sufficiently.
Reshetnikov's putty
To obtain this remedy, you need to use 4 kg of fir resin, 400 g of beeswax and all this is completed with alcohol, taken in an amount of ½ liter. Components such as juice and resin must be dissolved separately. Only after this the components can be connected. Find out about currant grafting in this material.
Heat the alcohol and also add it to the mixture of resin and wax. As a result, the mass becomes dense and plastic. It can be used to treat wounds and injuries of various shapes and depths. Such pitch will not dry out and freeze, and will also allow water to pass through. Var prepared according to the specified recipe has a liquid consistency. For this reason, it can be applied using a brush, rubber spatula and silicone spatula.
Compatibility of fruit tree grafting
For the successful establishment of one culture on another, it is necessary that they fit each other perfectly. It is very important to observe such a condition as the coincidence of biorhythms. Even an experienced gardener will not be able to cross apple and cherry, rowan and plum. The reason is that plum flowers are very close in genetics to cherry plums. But cherries are more suitable for cherries.
The video shows the compatibility of fruit tree grafting:
The best option is to use a scion and rootstock from the same genus. In this case, it is preferable to grow summer and winter varieties on the same plant. The rhythm of life will simply be disrupted, and in winter the tree will freeze.
Plant grafting is a very important procedure that allows you to connect trees that are close in compatibility and thus introduce new varieties. To perform such a manipulation it is impossible to do without the necessary equipment. By listening to the recommendations and advice provided, you will be able to successfully complete the vaccination and get the desired result. Find out when to plant fruit tree seedlings here.
Main features of the grafting pruner
Secateurs for grafting trees are a new product that guarantees excellent results from grafting. It works on the following principle: a sharp blade makes a cut on rootstocks and scions. Thanks to this, the cut is formed so that the 2 parts of the branches fit perfectly. Using the device, you simply need to connect 2 fragments using any of the existing methods. Thanks to the device, the process of grafting crops has been significantly simplified and has become accessible to every gardener.
Manufacturers produce many universal models (nozzles - omega, V, U), so you can easily do different grafting, working with all methods and trees.
Secateurs for grafting fruit trees have a long shelf life. It is enough to perform up to several thousand cuts. The tool is completely safe, and the simple principle of operation allows even an inexperienced gardener to understand the device.
How a garden tool works and its advantages
The devices usually have two blades - support and working, as well as:
- bolt;
- nut;
- lock;
- handle;
- spring.
The cutting is performed on the working blade; it has a high cutting ability. The support blade has a curved configuration, which significantly reduces friction and guarantees the safety of the process.
Also, grafting tools imply the presence of a groove through which the juice from the crop will drain. The bolt and nut act as a retainer, ensuring a secure fit of the blades. To limit the stroke, there is a buffer, and a spring brings the device to its original position.
The main advantages of the grafting instrument include:
- making an exact cut on the cutting, and then a mirror cut on the rootstock;
- maximum ease of use of the device.
But remember that such a device is not suitable for use on branches that are too thick.
